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Geophysics is an economical and efficient way for prospection. It is a indirectly method of geological exploration, which use the physical characteristics of stratums, rocks and minerals to prospect or predict the information underground. Geophysics based on knowledge of physics, like theory of mechanical wave, magnetic field, electrical field, electromagnetic field, gravitational field, etc. So the main method of geophysics involved 4 categories: seismic prospecting, electrical prospecting, magnetic prospecting and gravitational prospecting.
Seismic prospecting is the most common method of geophysical prospecting, which based on the reflectivity of lays and seismic wave velocity in stratum, rocks, soils and minerals. It can be divided into 3 processes: field data acquisition, data processing and data interpretation. When the work is on in the field, seismic wave would be excited by pound or explosion in ground, and the seismic wave will spread underground through different ways, when the different lays comes, because of the seismic wave impedance differences, the seismic wave will be reflect back to the ground, and then we can receive the reflecting wave by detector that have be laid, because of the spread time(the time seismic is excited to reflected wave be received ) is easily to be known, and the stability of lays in same or adjacent regions, the velocity of wave will be known roughly in the first. Then we come to the second step, data processing, using seismic wave propagation theory, the basic principles of seismic exploration , various methods of signal analysis and processing, we will get more accurate seismic , seismic wave velocity profiles and other outcome data information. Then the third step is interpretation, which use the Seismic wave propagation theory , the principle of the method of seismic exploration , geological , logging, drilling and other geophysical data , by experienced professionals to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the seismic data, seismic profiles and data to remove the illusion of shape and inferred stratigraphic distribution structural shape.
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