Background part II of my music history paper (about chinese elements in western music ) Louis XIV and French surpass However, the Portugal domination didn’t last long. From 1580 to 1640, Portugal suffered from regime changes and several times of wars. The Dutch-Portuguese War happened in far east colonies led this nation in peril and eventually loss its dominion in India sea. In contrast, the age of absolutism slowly established in French, Louis XIV’s nation was increasingly powerful and that brought even more diplomatic ambitions. Shortly after the coronation of Le Roi Soleil, the first published Chinese-European dictionary (Chinese-Latin) shown up in 1667. It is 8 years after the death of its editor, French Jesuit Michael Boym. Only 3 years later, the first Chinese-French dictionary under the name of the same editor also had its publication. Compare to that unpublished work done in china by Ruggieri and Ricci, these two voluminous dictionaries which published in Europe are even more meaningful. It means Jesuits priests could now receive plenty of education in Chinese before boarding a transoceanic navigation. Soon, in 1685, to break the Portuguese dominance in China, Louis XIV sent 5 well-educated missionaries to china. Not only that, thanks to the evangelisms done by Ricci and other pioneers. Chinese localized Jesuits started to get involved in this transcontinental communication. Chinese missionaries such as Arcadio Huang and Michael Shen Fu-Tsung finally came to Europe at the turn of 17th and 18th century. Since then, the image of China and Chinese become more and more crystal, and French finally surpass Portuguese and took over the baton of Sino-European communication.