TPO 29 Integrated Writing Task The reading passage introduced three reasons why Edmontosaurs were supposed to migrate for winter survival. The lecturer believes the dinosaurs were not migrants and refutes the three points one by one. First of all, Edmontosaurs did not need migration to find enough food because the climate was much warmer 100 million years ago, let alone the effect of 24-hour daytime in the arctic zone. In other words, plenty of plants grew in summer. While the passage claims that the dinosaurs had no plants to eat in the cold, dark winter, the lecturer points out that they could actually have dead plants full of nutrients for food. Secondly, although the passage says the bones digged out indicate the dinosaurs' living in herds, this does not necessarily mean that they migrated. The professor explains that migration also happens for other reasons, like extra protection from predators. Thirdly, while adult Edmontosaurs were capable of walking a long distance and moving at a high speed, juvenile ones were not. If these animals had migrated, the small ones would have slowed the herds down, and thus could not have reached their destination on time. So Edmontosaurs should survive in the North Slope without migration.