Bago na lang ay umuulan, pwede naming marinig ang tunog ng ulan sa bubong ng kapitbahay namin, parang dumadating ang pader ng ingay.

Bago umulan = before it rains

Bago lang umulan = just before it rained (“Kararating lang ni Mary, bago lang umulan” = Mary just arrived, just before it rained. (It is raining now))

Kanina lang ay umuulan = It was raining just a while ago.

Kanina lang ay umulan = It rained just a while ago

Kanina ay umuulan = It was raining earlier

Kanina ay umulan = It rained earlier

Pwede naming marining ang tunog ng ulan sa bubong ng kapit-bahay/kapitbahay namin = We can hear (if we wanted to) the sound of rain on our neighbor’s roof.

Naririnig namin ang tunog.... = We can hear (because it is audible) the sound...

parang dumadating ang pader ng ingay. – This translates to “like the wall of sound is approaching”.  However, the translation to Tagalog of the idiomatic “wall of sound” does not work.  We might say “para itong tren na parating” (it is like an approaching train) or “para itong mga kabayong rumaragasa” (like horses running fast/surging forward).  

Gusto namin yung ulan, kasi noong dumadating ang ulan, umaalis na kaagad ang umido. – “yung ulan” is not really wrong, though it may sound like you are referring to a specific time when it rained. We would say it as “ang ulan” to mean rain, in general. 

“Noong” is “when”, but points to a time in the past.  “Kapag/Pag” is the conditional “when”.

“Kapag dumadating ang ulan” = “when the rain is approaching”. “Kapag dumating ang ulan” = “when the rain comes/rains come”.

“Umalis” is the reflexive “to leave”.  “Umalis na si John” = John already left.  “Naaalis” is “gets/getting removed”. “Naalis na ang sakit ng ulo ko” = My headache’s already gone.

Gusto namin ang ulan kasi kapag/pag dumating ito, naaalis na kaagad ang umido. = We like/love the rain because when it comes, the humidity dissipates quickly. (Notice that “ito” is used to avoid the repetition of “ang ulan”).     

Binubukas ang mga pintuan namin at nag-eenjoy kami ang bagong palamig na panahon - hanggang ang susunod na bagyo!

“Binubukas” is the reflexive “opening”.  “Binubukas niya ang kanyang bibig” = He/She is opening his/her mouth.  “Binubuksan” is “opening (something)”.  “Binubuksan niya ang pinto” = He/She is opening the door.

“Palamig” is “getting cooler/colder”.  “Palamig na panahon” = Weather that is getting cooler/colder.  “Malamig” is “cold”.  “Malamig na panahon” = cold/cool weather.

“Hanggang ang susunod...” = Until the one that follows...

“Hanggang sa susunod...” = Until the next...

Binubuksan namin ang mga pintuan (namin) at nag-eenjoy kami ng bagong malamig na panahon – hanggang sa susunod na bagyo!  = We open our doors and we enjoy the new cool weather – until the next storm!

Kasi hindi na mahangin sila, maligtas kami.   

Maligtas = to be saved (from)

Ligtas = safe 

“Sila ay mahangin” can be stated as “mahangin sila”.  However, in a longer phrase, placing everything before the subject – “kasi hindi na mahangin sila” – would sound awkward.  It was for the same reason that your “may maraming bagyo kami” was rearranged earlier.)

Kasi hindi sila mahangin, ligtas kami. = Because they were not accompanied by strong winds, we were safe.   (That would be the contextual translation.  Direct translation would be, “because they were not windy...”).

Pero, napakaumido ang hangin namin. -  Though “umido” may sound like an adjective (humid), we more often use it as a noun, as a synonym to “umidad”, to mean “humidity”. We normally use the “ma” form of the word when using it as an adjective – “maumido”.

Pero maumido ang hangin namin. = But our winds are humid.

Very humid = masyadong/sobrang/napaka maumido   

Sa bawat araw, dumadating kaunting bagyo parang malaking mabilog na ulap ng itim.

Bilog = round

Mabilog = spherical

Bilugan = (adjective - accent on “gan”) circular, roundish, obtuse; (verb - accent on “lu”) encircle.  

Sa bawat/bawa’t araw na may kaunting bagyong dumarating/dumadating, para itong isang malaking bilugang ulap na itim. = Each time/day (when there is) a mild storm (that) is approaching, it is like a big circular dark cloud.  (You may also use “mahinang bagyo” to mean mild/weak storm.)

Sa loob na bagyo, nakikita kami ng maraming kidlat at paulit-ulit, siya ay dumadagundong.

Nakikita kami = we can be seen

Nakakakita kami = we are able to see

Nakikita namin = we see; we are able to see

Sa loob ng bagyo(?)/ulap, nakikita namin ang maraming kidlat na paulit-ulit at ang mga ito ay dumadagundong. = Inside the storm(?)/cloud, we see many recurring lightning flashes and they are booming/rumbling/reverberating.  (You may use “nakakakita kami ng” instead of “nakikita namin ang”).

Mahilig ko itong tunog; kay malakas at mabangis ang kalikasan!  - Though we normally use “mahilig” to mean “like”, its meaning is closer to “a liking/fondness for” and applies more to things, the access to which are usually within our control.  For, natural phenomena, e.g., rain, lightning, thunder, etc., we normally use “gusto”.

Gusto ko itong tunog = I like this sound

Gusto ko ang tunog nito = I like the sound of this/it

Kay lakas at bangis ng kalikasan! = How powerful and ferocious is nature!

Malakas at mabangis ang kalikasan! = Nature is powerful and ferocious!

Ang panahon dito = The weather/climate here

Isinusulat ko ito sa aspeto pangkasalakuya. – If what you meant to say was, “I am writing this in the present tense”, that that would be, “Isinusulat ko ito sa panahong pangkasalukuyan”.

Nakakatira ako sa Perth, Australia.

Nakakatira = I am able (as an opportunity or a privilege) to live in Perth, Australia.

Nakatira ako sa Perth, Australia = I live in Perth, Australia

May “seasons” dito, at ngayon, tag-init dito. = There are seasons here, and now, it is summer here.  (We don’t have the 4 seasons here, only wet and dry, so we normally just use the more general term, “panahon” (time, era, weather, climate) to refer to them.  We may say “iba’t-ibang panahon” (different climates/weather), with “different” suggesting more than two of them, and therefore mean the 4 seasons of the upper and lower hemispheres. To be more specific though, we just say, “seasons”.)

Karaniwan, mainit at matigang ang aming panahon.

Karaniwan, mainit at tigang/tuyot ang aming panahon. = Ordinarily, our climate is hot and very dry.

Madalas, mayroon kuwarentang grado kami, at wala ng ulan.

Walang ulan = no rain

Wala nang ulan = no more rain

Madalas may kuwarenta grados ang temperatura namin at walang ulan. = Often, our temperature is in the 40s and/with no rain.  (Kuwarenta grados is borrowed from the Spanish “cuarenta grados”).

Madalas umaabot sa kuwarenta grados ang temperatura namin... =  Often, our temperature reaches 40 degrees...

Madalas lumalampas sa kuwarenta grados ang temperatura namin...  = Often, our temperature exceeds 40 degrees...

Gayunman, habang ang huling tatlog araw, may maraming bagyo kami.

“Habang ang huling tatlong araw” = While the last three days

“Nitong huling tatlong araw” = These last three days

“May maraming bagyo kami” (Better: May marami kaming bagyo) = We have many storms.  (What you meant can be understood, however, strictly speaking, in Tagalog it sounds like you possess the storms).

“Nagkaroon kami ng mga/maraming bagyo” = We had many storms.

“Nagkakaroon kami ng mga/maraming bagyo” = We get/have a number of storms.

Gayunman, nitong huling tatlong araw, nagkaroon kami ng mga bagyo. = Nevertheless, these past 3 days, we had a number of storms.