Corrections · 7
A little essay about digital sound.
Okay let's getting started. If someone is interested in how is sound spreads from speakers then welcome to my little note. First of all we need to remember what the sound generally is. Sound is a wave which spreads in around an area (it might be air or water or even a hard body). The amplitude of a wave depends on volume and on frequency, which determines depends tone (bass or treble). Okay, so what happenes when we're recording sound on our computer and even if we're chatting on skype :)? Firstly we need to catch sound from an emitter and convert it into electrical signal. To do that we need to use a microphone which is a device that reacts to sound. When the wave have reaches the microphone it produces a voltage changeable by amplitude. Now we need to digitalize this signal into a digital format statement. In our soundcards we have an Analog-to-digital converter ADC. It "reads" the signal on from your microphone input and assigns some value to each and every point every certain peice of time and assign some value to each point. This value correlates with voltage and means determines a certain amplitude for any given at the certain moment. You all have all probably seen a 44.1Khz/16Bit record? What do these hieroglyphs symbols mean for us? It means that the frequency of catched captured signal is 44100 times per second, which can give us a maximum of 22050Hz of maximum frequency. Why 22050? Because each time we catch one semi-period of sinusoid, and we need two times to catch period at least. In most cases it's enought for comfortable listening because the highest border of human perceived sound is about 20000Hz. What about 16 bit? 16 bit is the accuracy of how many levels of amplitude we can write. and it It gives us 65535 levels of amplitude. Not much thought but enough for listening. If you want to mix your sounds and make a song, for example, 16 bit would be drastically deficient for quality mix. That's why sound engineers record sound on 24 bit ADCs and usually as 96Khz. Of course, when listening we need to convert our digital files back to voltage, which will be amplified by and applied to our speakers. For this task we have Digital-to-Analog converters or DACs and, as we can see from the name, it makes reverses to ADC process. Now you have a notion of how your voice reaches to your friends on other side of the earth.
Thank you for your attention. I'll be thankful for your corrections.
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