Yes, 12 inches in a foot; 3 feet in a yard; 5,280 feet in a mile; 1,760 yards in a mile.
In Canada, we are now metric. But, as a young boy and, until I was in my twenties, we used the British Imperial System of measurements which included feet, inches, yards, and so forth. Oddly, many Canadians still use both. In the United States, they still use a U.S. Standard system which uses inches, feet, yards, miles, and so forth. When I travel to the U.S.A., I can switch over in my mind. Metric is a system of 10s, 100ths, 1000 . . . Claims to be an easier way to calculate measuements.
As John has indicated. The roots of these measurements are from ancient Roman and Greek. They subdivided units of an actual human foot, and human paces - a pace was usually about a yard. Of course, technology has changed this greatly.
Edited to add, if you can find a standard tape measure, you will see 12 units (inches) in a foot. You should be able to find a visual example online too.